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- FINDING THE DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION
-
- To find the derivative of a function, select it in the queue and then choose
- Derivative from the Calculus menu. Graphmatica will perform symbolic
- differentiation on the equation to produce its derivative, add the resulting
- equation to the queue, and immediately graph it.
-
- Note that while the curve produced will always be correct, the equation of the
- curve may not be in the simplest form, especially for complex equations. The
- best way to check a derivative you found by hand is to overlay its graph with
- the program's Derivative graph.
-
- This function is only supported for Cartesian, polar, and parametric
- equations. For relations such as equations containing y^2, the derivative is
- only found for the function with the positive root. For equations with more
- than one y, the derivative is found with respect to y instead of x.
-
- Also, the derivatives of equations containing the functions int and abs cannot
- be found, since these curves do not have continuous derivatives.
-
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- Press PgDn for help on Tangent Lines
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- DRAWING TANGENT LINES
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- At times you may be interested in knowing the slope of a curve at a given
- point. Graphmatica will provide this information both numerically and
- graphically about any curve on the screen with just a few clicks of the mouse.
-
- To calculate the slope of a curve and draw the tangent line at a specific
- point, first select Tangent from the Calculus menu. The cursor will change to
- the crosshairs. Use the mouse or arrow keys to move to a point on any curve on
- the screen, then click or press enter to select it. Graphmatica will draw the
- tangent line and display the point selected and the slope on the status line
- The tangent line will be displayed only until you hide or delete the equation
- it belongs to, clear the screen, or draw another tangent line.
-
- Currently, you can only find the tangent line for differentiable Cartesian and
- polar equations (i.e. those which do not include the int() or abs()
- functions). For parametric equations you will get a rough approximation based
- on the slope between the two consecutive points nearest where you clicked.
- Support for other equation types and saving and restoring tangent lines along
- with equation lists will be added to a future version of the program if enough
- people request it.
-
- Press PgDn for help on Integration
- INTEGRATING TO FIND THE AREA UNDER A CURVE
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- Graphmatica can perform numerical integration to find the area under the curve
- for any function on the screen. Just select Integrate from the Calculus menu.
- The cursor will change to the crosshairs.
-
- To select a curve and region to integrate over, do one of the following:
- * With the keyboard, use the arrow keys to move the crosshair to the starting
- point on the curve you want to integrate. Press enter, then move to the x-
- value of the end of the range to integrate. Press enter again.
- * With the mouse, click on the starting point on the curve and drag the mouse
- to the endpoint of the region to integrate. The interval you select is
- highlighted as you move the cursor.
-
- The program will shade in the area that was found and display the numerical
- result in the status bar, as well as send it to the printer if you have Print
- Tables on. If you select a region under the axis, or highlight a region
- above the axis from right to left, you will get a negative area.
-
- The shading will be cleared as soon as you hide or delete the equation it
- belongs to, clear the screen, or perform another integration. Integral regions
- cannot be saved in equation list files at this time.
- Press PgDn for help on Integration Options
-
- SETTING INTEGRATION OPTIONS
-
- You can choose between two methods of integration, as well as optionally
- specify how many segments to divide the selected region into, to select more
- accurate or faster computation. To modify the integration options, select Int
- Options from the Calculus menu. Then choose between the Trapezoidal and
- Simpson's Rule for the integration method. Simpson's Rule tends to produce
- more accurate results, as long as the curve is smooth in the region you are
- integrating. The Trapezoidal Rule may be slightly faster.
-
- You can also set the number of segments to divide the region into when
- calculating the area. This must be a positive integer, and if you use
- Simpson's Rule, it must be an even number. The higher the number, the more
- accurate the result will be, but the longer it will take to calculate it. By
- default (and if you type "auto" instead of a number here) Graphmatica chooses
- the number of segments automatically to be half of the width of the area you
- selected in screen pixels.
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- ──────────────End of Calculus help. Press ESC to return to menu.──────────────
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